Co-Immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) is an investigative technique designed to explore the interactions between proteins. It relies on the specific binding of an antibody to its antigen as a means to precipitate the protein complex. During the process, the antibody recognizes and binds to its target protein within a cell lysate. Subsequently, the mixture is incubated with Protein A/G conjugated to Sepharose beads or magnetic beads. The complex is then isolated through centrifugation or by using a magnetic field. The resulting Protein A/G bead-antibody-target protein complexes are eluted, and the antigen-antibody bond is disrupted by the application of heat and a reducing agent. The supernatant, containing the antibody, target protein, and a small amount of non-specific proteins, is collected for further analysis. This is typically done using Western Blotting (WB) or mass spectrometry (MS) to identify and characterize the proteins involved in the interaction.
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